Chapter 3 Isomers and Stereochemistry

This chapter gives a concise outline of isomer types in organic chemistry. Each type of isomer and its structural requirements is described using examples. The impact of isomer types on structure, shape, and properties is discussed

Chapter 1 Organic Structures

This chapter presents a short overview of organic chemistry as a major branch of chemistry. By building on the basics of general chemistry, the ability of carbon to produce a wide range of complex molecular types is highlighted. The purpose of the chapter is to introduce functional groups, structure drawing, molecular electronic effects, and the prediction of molecular shape. The relationship between physical properties and structure is also briefly considered

Chapter 6 Acids and Bases

This chapter introduces the concepts of acidity and basicity as they relate to organic molecules. Acids and bases are defined in terms of Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis criteria. Expressions for acidity and basicity are discussed and applied to a study of carboxylic acids. The influence of factors such as inductive and delocalization/resonance effects on acidity are studied. The same concepts are applied to other functional classes in order to understand the wide range of acidity possible within organic molecules

Chapter 4 Resonance and Delocalization

This chapter introduces the concepts of resonance and delocalization and practical methods to develop and apply these concepts to topics such as molecular reactivity and stability are presented

Chapter 5 Reactivity How and Why

This chapter discusses factors that affect the reactivity of organic molecules. Bond breaking and making are shown in terms of the bonding electrons, and these are followed using curly arrows. The formation and stability of reactive species—radicals, anions and cations—are discussed in terms of inductive and delocalization/resonance effects. The nature of electrophiles and nucleophiles is detailed. Primary reaction types—addition, elimination, substitution, and rearrangement—are introduced, along with the description of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams. Finally, the REDOX concept as applied to organic molecules is described

Chapter 8 Natural Product Biomolecules

This chapter introduces a selection of important natural product classes. The structurally diverse carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids/peptides/proteins, and nucleic acids are used to show how the concepts of shape and reactivity developed in Chapters 1–7 apply in biologically significant systems

Chapter 7 Functional Classes II, Reactions

This chapter focuses on the reactions of functional groups. The concepts of structure, reactivity, and acids/bases from Chapters 1–6 are applied. The major reactions of functional groups are discussed through numerous examples. Certain reactions are highlighted as visual tools to identify functional groups. Some simple mechanisms are detailed in order to show important features

Chapter 2 Functional Classes I, Structure and Naming

This chapter takes an initial look at the structure and representation of functional groups. The principles of the unambiguous systematic classification and naming of organic compounds are introduced. The importance of these for accurate information transfer is highlighted. Common functional classes are detailed and, where needed, three-dimensional diagrams, oxidation states, and physical properties are introduced

PVCROV : an experimental platform for multi-robot control systems

As the field of multi-robot control systems grows, the demand for flexible, robust and precise multi-robot testbeds increases. Up to this point, the testbeds that do exist for testing multi-robot controllers are often expensive, hard to deploy, and typically constrained to a single plane of motion. These constraints limit the capacity to conduct research which is why team Autonomously Controlled Electromechanical Systems (ACES) has created the PVCROV system. PVCROV is a low cost, underwater platform for testing multi-robot control systems. By utilizing an underwater environment, ACES created a testbed that is not constrained to a single plane of motion. Additionally, the advantage of an underwater testbed is the ability to simulate weightlessness, as if in a space environment. Both of these features make this testbed extremely valuable to multi-robot research as they open the door for conducting experiments that previously could not be performed. ACES final product consisted of four PVCROV\u27s tethered to a surface buoy with wireless command and control via an \u27onshore\u27 control computer. Each system was designed, simulated, manufactured and tested based on requirements developed from a customer needs survey performed with the targeted research team. Although complete functionality was not achieved, a new team of students has started a new iteration of the development process which will bring the system up to full functionality. With graduate student experimenters already involved, ACES has created a testbed that will provide great value to the robotics research program at SCU